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Bed bugs (Cimex lectularius) and clinical consequences of …
CONTEXT:
Bed bug (Cimex lectularius) infestations are rapidly increasing worldwide. Health consequences include nuisance biting and cutaneous and systemic reactions. The potential for bed bugs to serve as disease vectors and optimal methods for bed bug pest control and eradication are unclear.
To present current knowledge of the health and medical effects of bed bugs and to explore key issues in pest control and eradication efforts.
A search of MEDLINE and EMBASE databases (1960-October 2008) for articles using the keywords bed bugs, Cimex lectularius, humans, parasitology, pathogenicity, and drug effects. For pest control, PubMed and Toxline searches (1960-October 2008) were performed using the keywords bed bugs, Cimex, control, prevention, and eradication. Manual searches of older journals, textbooks, pest control trade journals, and newspapers (1892-October 2008) were also performed.
Original accounts or investigations of bed bugs, clinical responses with sufficient detail of cause and effect between the bed bug bite and clinical response, and convincing evidence of substantiated presence of bed bug exposure. For pest control, documentation that an eradication measure quantitatively decreased bed bugs.
A trained medical reference librarian assisted with the literature search. Two authors with expertise in the diagnosis, treatment, and eradication of bed bugs reviewed the clinical articles. One author evaluated the pest control articles.
Fifty-three articles met inclusion criteria and were summarized. Only 2 clinical trials concerning bed bugs were identified and tested the ability of pest control interventions to eradicate bed bugs. Although transmission of more than 40 human diseases has been attributed to bed bugs, there is little evidence that they are vectors of communicable disease. A variety of clinical reactions to bed bugs have been reported, including cutaneous and rarely systemic reactions. A wide range of empirical treatments, including antibiotics, antihistamines, topical and oral corticosteroids, and epinephrine, have been used for bite reactions with varying results. No evidence-based interventions to eradicate bed bugs or prevent bites were identified.
Treatment options for cutaneous and systemic reactions from bed bug bites have not been evaluated in clinical trials and there is no evidence that outcomes differ significantly from those receiving no treatment. Evidence for disease transmission by bed bugs is lacking. Pest control and eradication is challenging due to insecticide resistance, lack of effective products, and health concerns about spraying mattresses with pesticides.
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Bed Bugs Rising in Kansas – MyCleaningProducts.com
There was time when bed bugs were not as dominant as they are today. However, due to a lot of things, they came back and caused havoc again.
The banning of the chemical pesticide called DDT is said one of the major reasons why those vampire-like insects are now on surge. Besides that, it is believed that the increase both in domestic and international travels is also a major player in their prevalence.
Among the states that are really feeling the resurgence of those pests is Kansas. Located in the mid-west part of the country, it hasnt dealt with bed bug spread as worse as it is facing today.
According to one of the states pest-control businesses, the number of bed bugs is dramatically increasing in Kansas these days that they are now getting a number of calls regarding them every day.
Here is a part of a report discussing the increase of bed bugs in Kake, Kansas.
Michael Patton has been in the pest control business for more than 30 years. In other words, he knows his stuff when it comes to bed bugs.
Patton says the pests have made a resurgence in the Wichita area in the past couple years. His company used to get bed bug calls once a month but thats all changed.
Now were getting a couple calls a day so its dramatically increasing, Patton said.
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Bed Bugs Rising in Kansas - MyCleaningProducts.com
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Parents worry about bed bugs in Arlington High School
NORTHEAST SIDE Its not the kind of pests you expect to deal with at school, but Arlington High School has confirmed that they found at least one bed bug inside the school last week.
The school sent letters to parents late last week. Yet, some parents tell Fox 59 they knew about the issue days before that letter.
Mother Carrie Wooten said she was unhappy with the way the school handled the problem.
(Its) disgusting. I was very concerned because if she brings one of the bed bugs home then now I have bed bugs, Wooten said.
Wooten has decided to keep her daughter home from school until she can speak to the Health Department or get a better answer from the school.
Finding a bed bug does not mean that our school building is infested, Principal Alicia Hervey said in that letter. Bed bugs are often unknowingly brought into school by building occupants and as a result we may have future sightings.
Patrick Bruner, who owns Advanced Pest Management, said hes seen a huge increase in bed bug cases across Indiana this year.
Bruner did not treat Arlington High School, but says hes seen cases at schools before and that bed bugs can quickly reproduce.
Usually a female can lay anywhere from three to eight eggs a day. It takes about a week to 12 days for those to hatch, Bruner said.
Despite the schools statement that it is unlikely for bed bugs to reproduce and spread in schools, Bruner said its certainly possible.
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Parents worry about bed bugs in Arlington High School
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Couple finds bed bugs in Dauphin Co. hotel
Updated: Friday, December 6 2013, 07:15 PM CST Written by: Jesse Knutson
Vendors from Atlanta, Georgia say their trip to Harrisburg for the Christmas and Gift Show at the Farm Show Complex was ruined after being bitten by bed bugs at a local hotel.
Owner of Elians Trading Company, Lian Simone, says she was bitten dozens of times by bed bugs at the Red Roof Inn of Progress Avenue in Susquehanna Township on Tuesday night.
Her body was infested with bed bugs, Rufus Scott, an employee of Elians Trading Company, said.
Lian called the front desk of the Red Roof Inn, and when an employee came up to the room, the two found a bed bug on the bed.
The employee killed the bug and offered to move Lian to a different room, but offered no assistance beyond that.
Rufus said he ended up taking Lian to the urgent care, where they found Lian had a bad fever. Doctors gave her a shot and some medication.
Lian and Rufus changed hotels and the Red Roof Inn agreed to refund their money and pass Lians medical bills on to their insurance company, but Rufus and Lian are upset because Red Roof Inn has refused to put anything in writing.
All we wanted is them to take care of the situation. We asked for a report, they said they couldnt give us a report, Rufus said, adding that he hopes they will not just remedy this situation, but make sure the problem is resolved for other customers as well. The urgent care that we went to said that this Red Roof Inn has had issues in the past.
Lian said the bed bug bites and her fever were so severe that she was not able to work at her booth on Wednesday at the Farm Show Complex, causing her to lose business.
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Couple finds bed bugs in Dauphin Co. hotel
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Bed bugs can survive freezing temperatures, but cold can still kill them
Dec 08, 2013 A bed bug, Cimex lectularius, is shown feeding on a human host. Credit: Piotr Naskrecki
Exposing bed bug-infested clothing or other small items to freezing temperatures may be a viable control option for people at risk of bed bug infestations. However, a new study has found that bed bugs may be less susceptible to freezing temperatures than previously reported.
In an article in the Journal of Economic Entomology called "Cold Tolerance of Bed Bugs and Practical Recommendations for Control," the authors describe how exposing bed bugs to freezing temperatures affects them, and they provide practical recommendations for management of potentially infested items.
Bed bugs, like many other insects, use a "freeze-intolerant" strategy against the cold, meaning they attempt to protect themselves from freeze injury by lowering the freezing point of their body fluids. For this study, the researchers evaluated the supercooling point (SCP) and the lower lethal temperature (LLT) for all life stages of bed bugs, as well as their potential to feed after exposure to sublethal temperatures.
The authors found that in order to achieve 100% mortality, a minimum exposure time of 80 hours at minus 16 degrees celcius is required for all life stages. Temperatures below minus 15 degrees celcius are sufficient to control all life stages of bed bugs after 3.5 days, while temperatures below minus 20 degrees celcius require only 48 hours. They also observed bed bug eggs surviving in short-term exposures to temperatures as low as minus 25 degrees celcius.
Homeowners can place bed bug-infested items in a freezer to destroy them. However, the authors recommend that the items be placed in plastic bags and that they remain in the freezer for 2-4 days, depending on the freezer's temperature.
Explore further: Studying bed bug actions for new management tactics
In recent years, bed bug infestations have become increasingly common in Swedish homes. There are two different species of bed bug that suck blood from humans the common bed bug and the tropical bed bug. Increased ...
Learning more about the behavior of bed bugs is one approach being used by U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) scientists to identify compounds to help control these pests.
Alternative means of controlling urban insect pests by using ultrasonic frequencies are available and marketed to the public. However, few of these devices have been demonstrated as being effective in repelling insect pests ...
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Bed bugs can survive freezing temperatures, but cold can still kill them
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