Category Archives: Bed Bugs New Hampshire

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New Hampshire Passes Landlord Bed Bug Law – Colonial Pest …

New Hampshire Passes Landlord Bed Bug Law By Chris Williams on September 5, 2013.

As a result of legislation passed in June, New Hampshire residents who live in rental housing will soon have some direction and some recourse when it comes to living with bed bugs.

The new law takes effect January 1, 2014 and addresses the ongoing debate of who pays for bed bug treatment in a rental apartment. Presently, there is no specific law and no guidelines as to who is responsible when a bed bug infestation occurs. Landlords say that the tenants brought the bed bugs into the apartment, so they should pay for treatment. Tenants say they moved into an apartment that already had bed bugs, or the bed bugs came from next door, and the landlord has to fix the problem. They argue that their rental agreement provides for pest control and entitles them to a habitable dwelling. Landlords balk at having to provide control for bed bugs because bed bug control is more complicated and more expensive than control for other standard apartment pests. While the two sides argue, bed bugs move into other units in the building and soon, everyone has a problem.

The new law makes it clear that the landlord is responsible for resolving a bed bug problem, no matter who is responsible for causing it. Landlords will have a 7-day window to investigate a bed bug complaint and take reasonable measures to remediate the infestation. If landlords fail to address the situation, tenants can file court action to force their landlord to act. The landlord must pay for bed bug treatment, but the new law gives the landlord the right to bill the tenant for his costs if it is determined that the tenant is ultimately the one responsible for the infestation.

Seems like that takes us right back to square onehe said, she said. However, if the parties involved dont agree on responsibility, a court will decide by looking at which units first had bed bugs, whether bed bugs are in other areas of the building, whether the landlord attempted any control prior, and whether the tenant had bed bugs in their previous home, among other things.

For their part, tenants must allow landlords into their apartments to evaluate, inspect, and treat for bed bugs. They must follow instructions to prepare their apartment for treatment. If the bed bugs are deemed to be their responsibility, they must pay for the remediation. Failure to do any of these things can result in eviction.

The new law is not a perfect solution but it is a compromise agreed upon by a working group made up of landlords and tenants. The new law avoids the situation where the landlord is always the one paying for treatment, while assuring that treatment gets done before bed bugs spread throughout a building.

photo credit: Armed Forces Pest Management Board via photopin cc

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How Long Does It Take For A Bed Bug Infestation To Develop …

How Long Does It Take For A Bed Bug Infestation To Develop? By Chris Williams on February 6, 2012.

I was recently sent to a job to inspect for Bed Bugs. Previous tenants had been treated for bed bugs and have moved out. Management wanted to know two things: How long has the unit been infested, and were there any live beg bugs. Inspection for bed bugs can be difficult as most units are full of furniture and belongings, this unit was vacant and empty. With full access to all areas of the unit the extent of the infestation was more clearly defined.

Bed bugs, the scourge of the rental industry, are small insects that feed exclusively on human blood. Long lived and easily spread, bed bugs secretive lifestyle makes detection difficult. Relatively few bed bugs start an infestation. In fact, if a male bed bug is the only hitchhiker, no infestation will develop. Only female bed bugs are able to lay eggs. A mated female can lay around 3 eggs a day if feeding is available, laying more than 300 eggs in her lifetime. Small white eggs are cemented to discrete surfaces, near a host, and hatch in about 10 days. Nymphs resemble adults but are much smaller. In order to grow, or molt, nymphs must acquire a blood meal. Depending on the temperature, it takes nymphs about 100 days for the five molts to occur before mating can take place. Roughly 1.5-2 months are required for a complete cycle from egg to mated adult bed bug. Adult bed bugs live about 10 months, although without a host, bed bugs may live over a year.

Bed bug infestations develop slowly. At first very few insects are present, feeding intermittently on the host and may not be noticed. Bites are sometimes overlooked or blamed on some other pest species like spiders. Secretive adults may not be noticed as they feed on sleeping hosts. Over time though, evidence builds up. Bed bugs are gregarious, and can be found living side by side in harborage sites. Great numbers of nymphs and adults can be found together. As these sites become more active, females will migrate to areas of less activity to lay eggs. Male bed bugs want to mate constantly with females, driving them away. This behavior is believed to be what makes bed bugs spread out into new areas. Large populations also use up more and more of the hiding spaces near the host, and are forced to seek shelter farther from the feeding site. All the while the bed bugs are pooping. Bed bug feces is little more that partially digested human blood. Fecal spots form as the bed bugs move about and accumulate in and around the harborage sites. Fecal spots are usually clustered, and may have a small smear at one side, indicating the direction of the bed bugs travel. In heavy infestations there may even be a discernable, almost sweet odor, due to large amounts of feces and aggregation secretions. As bed bugs molt during the growth process, the smaller old skin is shed and a new larger skin forms. These skins are also left where they fall and may accumulate over time. In heavy infestations, there may be considerable numbers of these cast skins.

Now, back in the unit to be inspected, I am looking for evidence. I begin with a cursory look around. With a bright flashlight, pliers, and a screwdriver in hand I start with the ceiling edges and walls. As harborage sites become full, bed bugs will end up in corners and on walls. Right away I begin to notice some fecal spots on door frames and at lower closet edges. No activity behind outlet covers, or under carpet in the 2 bedrooms, 12-25 dead bed bugs noted on the bed room floors, some fecal spots on lower closet door and door frames, no live activity. Bases of all 3 hall closet door frames also had fecal spots, dead bed bugs, no live activity. As I began to examine the living room, there seemed to be more and more dead bed bugs, and fecal spotting, increasing as I got over to the baseboard radiator. Fecal spotting all over the metal housing and adjacent molding told me I was getting warm. When I dismantled the housing and pulled the carpet out from under it I hit pay dirt. 1000s of cast skins, large pockets of blood stained carpet(major harborage site), and hundreds of dead bed bugs were deposited under the carpet and heating unit. There must have been a couch or bed right there. As the infestation grew, the bed bugs spread out along the floor edge and eventually found the bed rooms, where there was much less fecal spotting etc. In my opinion, the focal point of the infestation was the living room. As far as a time table is concerned, based on the life cycle, amount of fecal spotting, and the number of cast skins noted, the infestation was more than a year old, maybe older. 2 live bed bugs were found, although upside down, on the kitchen floor. This indicates that the treatment was working, and that bed bug control is almost complete. My recommendation was to re-treat the unit prior to new tenants moving in to ensure that the infestation is gone completely. If you suspect bed bug activity in your home, contact Colonial Pest for a free quote, or call us right now at 1-800-525-8084!

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Bed Bugs by State: Bed Bug Law by State & in New York City …

NPMA has compiled state specific bed bug laws and rules into one document.Click here to review the information.In a nutshell, twenty three states have passed or enacted bed bug specific legislation orrule making, including Alabama, Arizona, California,Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Maine, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Texas, West Virginia and Wisconsin.

Many of the bed bug laws or rules are "legacy" statutes or regulations, ranging from 30 to 90 plus years old. The laws and rules focus on bed bug infestations in a variety of specific settings such as multifamily housing (Arizona, Florida, Maine, New York) vacation homes (South Dakota), trains (Illinois), hotels (Kansas, Nevada, Minnesota, Ohio, West Virginia), schools (New York) and migrant labor camps (Iowa). Laws in Arizona and Texas deem bed bugs a public health nuisance.

Arizona, Illinois, Maine, and New York bed bug laws (particularly vital to NYC) were passed or enacted since bed bug populations rebounded 10 plus years ago. Legislation on bed bugs is pending by state, with California, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York and North Carolina considering additional legislation.

This compilation of bed bug laws in the 50 states only includes those states that specifically include bed bug in their statutory or regulatory scheme. Liability imposed on landlords and tenants concerning bed bugs continue to vary from state to state regardless of whether bed bug laws have been implemented, this is due to the implied warranty of habitability. Inn keepers may also have a heightened duty depending on state law. Therefore this list is a reference point but not an exhaustive nor definitive list of how each state may handle a bed bug incident.

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Get Rid of Bed Bugs: Bed Bug Extermination Services

Bed Bug Extermination

Program Overview Bed bugs are blood-seeking insects known for infesting areas where people and animals sleep, and are a growing problem in North America, particularly in areas with large or transient human populations, such as apartment buildings, hotels, cruise ships and dormitories. Their bites cause itchy red welts, skin infections and allergic reactions as a result of the saliva they inject when they feed.

Notoriously hard to detect, bed bugs hide in bed frames, mattresses and box springs, clothing, luggage, furniture, book bindings, behind baseboards and under wallpaper. They are difficult to eradicate and dont have a preference for dirty or clean areas they are as likely to show up in a five star hotel as they are to take up residence anywhere else.

Bed bugs cant hide from the experts at Western Pest Service. We employ bed bug sniffing dogs, one of the most effective bed bug detecting tools available. Additionally, we offer several types of extermination treatments for bed bug infestations.

Prior to our arrival, well present you with a series of bed bug treatment preparation steps, such as removing bedding. From there, a series of bed bug elimination tactics are employed:

How Long Does it Take to Get Rid of Them? Presently, data collected from pest management companies nationwide indicates that it takes an average of 2.4 visits to control a bed bug problem. The number of visits of course, is dependent upon the size and distribution of the bed bug population when Western is called for control.

When it comes to bed bugs, you can rely on Western to inspect and uncover problems and with bed bugs, the earlier the better. If you suspect you have a problem, request a bed bug inspection today and rest assured.

Scientific Classification: Cimex lectularius

Of the 92 species of bed bugs found around the world, 16 have been reported in the continental United States and Canada. An invasive pest that has been around as long as mankind, bed bugs appear in the early writings of the ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans as well as in the New Testament. The common bed bug feeds on the blood of sleeping humans and holds an unnerving presence in the Mid-Atlantic region as well as other temperate zones. Tricky to control, bed bug infestations demand immediate attention from pest management professionals.

The reasons to not like bed bugs are too numerous to list. The most important reason they bite! Bed bugs live by feeding off the blood of humans and other warm-blooded hosts. And these bites will cause raised red bumps and welts, and can cause a burning sensation and itching.

What Do They Look Like?

Size: Adult bed bugs tend to grow no longer than 3/16 of an inch and no wider than 1/8 of an inch.

Color: Unfed bed bugs range in color from light tan to mahogany or brown. After consuming a blood meal, the parasites take on a red color.

Characteristics: Flat and oval in shape, bed bugs possess a pair of antennae, vestigial wing pads and are covered with short, golden hairs.

Collectively, the various species of bed bugs enjoy worldwide distribution. The common bed bug prefers the temperate regions of North America, Europe and Central Asia, while the tropical bed bug dominates warmer areas of the world and holds a strong presence in Florida.

What Do They Eat?

Bed bugs feed exclusively on the blood of humans and other animals. The parasites require blood meals to facilitate reproduction and nymphal development.

By passing through the developmental stages of egg and nymph before reaching adulthood, bed bugs undergo a gradual metamorphosis. The full life cycle takes an average of four to five weeks to complete, as nymphs molt five times before reaching the adult stage and need a blood meal before each instar. Access to a host and the temperature of the surrounding environment directly affects the length of the bed bug life cycle. In ideal temperatures with a high availability of host animals, bed bugs can produce up to four generations in one year. Males target recently fed females for mating. A single female bed bug is capable of laying two to five eggs a day or about 200 to 500 in her lifetime.

Despite their longstanding association with unsanitary home environments, bed bugs regularly infest a variety of clean and dirty areas in places such as hotels, apartments, college dormitories, public transportation, office buildings, movie theaters, laundromats and private residences. Although they can be serious pests, bed bugs do not inflict significant structural damage or transmit diseases to humans. Instead, their pest status is attributed to the fact that they feed on the blood of humans and other animals including bats, insects, poultry, lab mammals, pigeons and house pets.

The proteins in bed bug saliva cause progressively increasing sensitivity to bites, though not everyone is prone to a reaction. Still, some people develop rashes or itchy welts and may even experience psychological distress that can lead to constant agitation or sleeplessness.

Bed bugs typically nest in the cracks, crevices, and seams of headboards, bed frames, mattresses, box springs and upholstered furniture. Adults and nymphs emerge at night to feed on the blood of sleeping humans. Bed bug bites often produce symptoms, such as tiny red welts or a rash that indicate the existence of an infestation problem. Furthermore, large infestations may give off a sweet, musty odor. The most apparent and telling sign of a bed bug infestation remains the fecal and blood spots that the parasites leave on bed linens and around nesting sites.

Primarily caused by traveling to and from an infested location, the spread of bed bugs is best prevented by dutifully checking the bedding at hotels, inspecting luggage before returning home, washing and drying all clothes upon return on the hottest advisable setting (for items that cant be washed like leather shoes and coats, drying alone is effective) and storing luggage away from sleep areas. Homeowners and residents should also regularly wash bedsheets and check mattress seams, headboards and bed frames for the existence of adult bed bugs. Regular vacuuming and steaming and using mattress encasements also helps reduce the chances of a bed bug infestation.

Once bed bugs become established in the home, eradication generally requires professional assistance. Pest control professionals possess the necessary certifications to handle the chemicals and special tools that bed bug infestations demand. While certain bed bug pesticides are available in stores, the ones used by industry professionals regularly prove more effective. Furthermore, furniture may need to be disassembled to fully banish the pests. Overall, the elimination of bed bugs involves a significant amount of time and effort, and pest control professionals have the best chance of effectively removing the parasitic insects from the home.

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Get Rid of Bed Bugs: Bed Bug Extermination Services

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Bed Bugs in NH | New Hampshire Legal Aid

Bed Bugs in New Hampshire & The Law

Bed Bug Law HB 482, effective January 1, 2014. Summary: HB 482 will be effective Jan. 1, 2014. It clarifies landlord and tenant responsibilities during a bed bug infestation in rental property.

After report in tenants unit: Once a landlord becomes aware of a bed bug complaint in a tenants unit, he/she is allowed emergency entry into that unit for the next 72 hours . After report in adjacent unit: If there is a bed bug complaint from an adjacent unit, a landlord is allowed emergency entry into tenants unit. The landlord must give the tenant 48 hours notice. It is a violation for a tenant to willfully refuse emergency entry (contempt and contempt damages).

A landlord must provide the tenant with reasonable written instructions for preparing the unit for remediation. These instructions must be given to an adult 72 hours in advance of remediation. It is a violation for tenants to willfully refuse to comply with these instructions. Landlords can evict for failure of tenant to prepare the unit with advance reasonable written notice. However, landlords must allow for reasonable accommodation requests related to preparing the unit.

Landlords are required to pay up-front for all bed bug remediation costs. Landlords may recover costs for remediation in the tenants unit only, and only if tenant is considered responsible for the infestation. The tenant is presumed to be responsible if only his/her unit has bed bugs and there have no other bed bug reports in the unit or adjacent units in previous six (6) months. Landlords can evict responsible tenants for nonpayment, provided the landlord shows that he/she offered tenant a reasonable repayment agreement.

HUD Notice 2012-5 & EPA/CDC Joint Statement on Bed Bug Control:

Apply for free help: Online or call 224-3333 or 1-800-639-5290

None of these 540-A violations directly result in statutory money damages, but contempt and contempt damages still a possibility.

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Bed Bugs in NH | New Hampshire Legal Aid

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